Powder coating pretreatment compositions, and methods of using and making the same

ABSTRACT

The present document describes a composition for the pretreatment of surfaces, which comprises plasticizers, degassers, pH adjusting agents, pigments, a phenol formaldehyde resin based adhesive, process of making the same and method of using the same.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is filed under 37 CFR 1.53(b) as a continuationapplication. This application claims priority under 35 USC §120 of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 14/647,154, which is a US National PhasePatent Application under 35 USC §371 of PCT/CA2013/000986, filed Nov.26, 2013, which claims priority from and the benefit under 35 USC 119(e)of United States Provisional Patent Application No. 61/729,908, filed onNov. 26, 2012, the specifications of which are hereby incorporated byreference in their entireties.

BACKGROUND

(a) Field

The subject matter disclosed generally relates to compositions for thetreatment of surfaces, and methods of using and making the same. Thesubject matter more specifically relates to compositions forpretreatment of surfaces prior to their coating with a powder coating.

(b) Related Prior Art

Powder coatings are increasingly demanded in a large number ofindustrial fields, such as automobiles, domestic electric appliances,furniture, machine tools, business machines, building materials, toysetc., as a low-pollution paint using no organic solvent. When the powdercoating is applied to a surface, however, the powder coating may flakeoff the surface after prolonged exposure to environmental conditionssuch as mechanical wear and tear, cold and hot weather conditions,exposure to UV irradiation, etc. In order to overcome this disadvantageof the powder coating composition, therefore, a large number of effortsfor research and development have been made in various fields.

One avenue to improve the adhesion of the powder coating to the desiredsurface is the pretreatment of the surface. Such pretreatment canimprove the bonding between the powder coating to be applied, and thetarget surface, thereby improving the quality of the final producthaving received the coating.

Therefore, there is a need for new compositions for the pretreatment ofsurfaces.

Furthermore, there is a need for new processes for the preparation ofnew compositions for the pretreatment of surfaces.

Furthermore, there is a need for new methods of pretreating surfaceswith new compositions for the pretreatment of surfaces.

SUMMARY

According to an embodiment, there is provided a composition for thepretreatment of a surface comprising:

a) from about 25% to about 40% (v/v) of a plasticizer;

b) from about 0.5% to about 2% (v/v) of a degasser;

c) from about 5% to about 20% (w/w) of a pH adjusting agent; and

d) from 30% to about 45% (v/v) of a phenol formaldehyde resin basedadhesive.

The composition may be further comprising from about 1% to about 5%(w/w) of a pigment.

The composition may be further comprising from about 5% to about 15%(v/v) of a defoamer.

The composition may be further comprising from about 5% to about 10%(w/v) of an extender.

The composition may be further comprising a rheology modifier.

The rheology modifier may be from about 0.3% (w/v) to about 1.0% (w/v)of said composition.

The composition may be further comprising glycol.

The composition glycol may be chosen from propylene glycol, dipropyleneglycol, tripropylene glycol, an ethylene oxide glycol, and combinationsthereof.

The composition glycol may be from about 2% (w/v) to about 5% (w/v) ofsaid composition.

The composition may be further comprising a curing agent, and the curingagent may be from about 10% to about 20% (w/w) of the composition.

The plasticizer may be chosen from 2-ethylhexyl benzoate, butyl benzylphthalate, an alkyl benzyl phthalate (preferably an alkylC₇-C₉ benzylphthalate), N-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone,N-cocoalkyl-pyrrolidone and combinations thereof.

The degasser may be chosen from monoethanolamine, morpholine, andcombinations thereof, and the degasser may be from about 5% to about 15%(v/v) of the composition.

The pH adjusting agent may be chosen from calcium carbonate (CaCO₃),ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium citrate, magnesiumcarbonate, sodium carbonate, and combinations thereof.

The pigment may be chosen from titanium dioxide, carbon black, carbonivory bone pigment, Indian black ink, Arabic gum, titanium dioxide,platinum powder, titanium powder, gold powder, ferric oxide powder, leadpowder, carbon powder, cobalt powder, molybdenum powder, silver flake,silver powder, tungsten powder, tungsten granule, chromium carbide(Cr₃C₂) powder, tantalum carbide powder, tantalum carbide-nyobiumcarbide (TaC—NbC) solid solution Powder, nano silver powder, conductivesilver powder, nano ferric oxide, nano zinc oxide, magnesium powder,copper powder, bronze powder, and aluminum powder, and combinationsthereof.

The phenol formaldehyde resin based adhesive may comprise from about 5%to about 10% (v/v) of a phenol formaldehyde resin.

The phenol formaldehyde resin may be a novolac resin.

The formaldehyde resin based adhesive may comprise from about 25% toabout 35% (v/v) of an epoxy.

The epoxy may be epichlorohydrin.

The defoamer may be chosen from Surfynol® MD-20, oxirane, andcombinations thereof.

The extender may be chosen from magnesium talc, an acrylic polymer paintextender, ultrafine kaolin, ultrafine CaCO₃, fine CaCO₃ and combinationsthereof.

The rheology modifier may be an attapulgite colloidal suspension.

The attapulgite colloidal suspension may be chosen from attagel 40,attagel 50, or combinations thereof.

The curing agent may be 2,4,6 tris(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol.

The composition of the present invention may comprises:

a) 30% (v/v) 2-ethylhexyl benzoate;

b) 1% (v/v) monoethanolamine;

c) from about 9% to about 16% (w/w) calcium carbonate;

d) from about 2% to about 3% (w/w) titanium dioxide;

e) from about 27% to about 30% (v/v) epichlorohydrin;

f) from about 7% to about 8% (v/v) phenol formaldehyde resin;

g) from about 8% to about 12% (v/v) Surfynol® MD-20; and

h) from about 7% to about 9% (w/v) magnesium talc.

According to another embodiment, there is disclosed a process for thepreparation of a composition for the pretreatment of a surface,comprising:

a) mixing a first liquid mixture comprising a plasticizer and a curingagent; with a second liquid mixture comprising a degasser, a phenolformaldehyde resin based adhesive, a pH adjusting agent, a pigment and adefoamer.

The process may be further comprising preparing said first liquidmixture of said plasticizer and said curing agent, prior to mixing withsaid second mixture.

The process may be further comprising preparing said second mixturecomprising said degasser, said phenol formaldehyde resin based adhesivesaid pH adjusting agent, said pigment and said defoamer prior to mixingwith said first liquid mixture.

The process may be further comprising step a′) prior to step a)incubating said first liquid mixture and said second liquid mixture forat least 24 h.

The plasticizer may be chosen from 2-ethylhexyl benzoate, butyl benzylphthalate, an alkyl benzyl phthalate (preferably an alkylC₇-C₉ benzylphthalate), N-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone,N-cocoalkyl-pyrrolidone and combinations thereof, and combinationsthereof.

The degasser may be chosen from monoethanolamine, morpholine, andcombinations thereof.

The pH adjusting agent may be chosen from calcium carbonate (CaCO₃),ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium citrate, magnesiumcarbonate, sodium carbonate, and combinations thereof.

The pigment may be chosen from titanium dioxide, carbon black, carbonivory bone pigment, Indian black ink, Arabic gum, titanium dioxide,platinum powder, titanium powder, gold powder, ferric oxide powder, leadpowder, carbon powder, cobalt powder, molybdenum powder, silver flake,silver powder, tungsten powder, tungsten granule, chromium carbide(Cr₃C₂) powder, tantalum carbide powder, tantalum carbide-nyobiumcarbide (TaC—NbC) solid solution Powder, nano silver powder, conductivesilver powder, nano ferric oxide, nano zinc oxide, magnesium powder,copper powder, bronze powder, and aluminum powder, and combinationsthereof.

The phenol formaldehyde resin based adhesive may comprise from about 5%to about 10% (v/v) of a phenol formaldehyde resin.

The phenol formaldehyde resin may be a novolac resin.

The formaldehyde resin based adhesive may comprise from about 25% toabout 35% (v/v) of an epoxy.

The epoxy may be epichlorohydrin.

According to another embodiment, there is disclosed a composition forthe pretreatment of a surface prepared by the process of the presentinvention.

According to another embodiment, there is disclosed a method ofpretreating a surface comprising:

a) pretreating said surface with a composition of the present invention.

The surface may be a wood surface, a metal surface, a rock surface, aplastic surface or combinations thereof.

The pretreating may be prior to treatment of said surface with a powdercoating.

The following terms are defined below.

The term “adhesive” is intended to mean a substance used for stickingobjects or materials together; a glue.

The terms “curing” and “curing agent” is intended to mean the tougheningor hardening of a polymer material by cross-linking of polymer chains,brought about by chemical additives, ultraviolet radiation, electronbeam or heat. Curing agents are chemical additives that bring about suchreaction.

The term “defoamer” is intended to mean an anti-foaming agent, which isa chemical additive that reduces and hinders the formation of foam inindustrial process liquids. Commonly used agents are insoluble oils,dimethyl polysiloxanes and other silicones, certain alcohols, stearatesand glycols. The additive is used to prevent formation of foam or isadded to break a foam already formed.

The term “degasser” is intended to mean a compound used to remove gassesfrom a fluid in which could otherwise form bubbles.

The term “extender” is intended to mean solid components of coating, forexample a paint, that are usually finely ground natural materials, mostcommonly earth.

The term “pH adjusting agent” is intended to mean is a compound thatwill change the pH of a solution by making it more alkaline or acidic,as may be required.

The term “pigment” is intended to mean a material that changes the colorof reflected or transmitted light of a product (e.g. a surface treatedwith the composition of the present invention) as the result ofwavelength-selective absorption.

The term “phenol formaldehyde resin” is intended to mean syntheticpolymers obtained by the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol withformaldehyde. Phenolic resins are mainly used in the production ofcircuit boards. They are better known however for the production ofmolded products including pool balls, laboratory countertops, and ascoatings and adhesives.

The term “plasticizer” is intended to mean additives that increase theplasticity or fluidity of a material. Plasticizers make it possible toachieve improved compound processing characteristics, while alsoproviding flexibility in the end-use product.

The term “rheology” is intended to mean the flow of matter, primarily inthe liquid state, but also as “soft solids” or solids under conditionsin which they respond with plastic flow rather than deformingelastically in response to an applied force. It applies to substanceswhich have a complex molecular structure, such as muds, sludges,suspensions, polymers and other glass formers (e.g. silicates), as wellas many foods and additives, bodily fluids (e.g. blood) and otherbiological materials.

Features and advantages of the subject matter hereof will become moreapparent in light of the following detailed description of selectedembodiments, as illustrated in the accompanying FIGURES. As will berealized, the subject matter disclosed and claimed is capable ofmodifications in various respects, all without departing from the scopeof the claims. Accordingly, the drawings and the description are to beregarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive and the fullscope of the subject matter is set forth in the claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In a first embodiments there is disclosed a composition for thepretreatment of a surface, which comprises

a) from about 25% to about 40% (v/v) of a plasticizer;

b) from about 0.5% to about 2% (v/v) of a degasser;

c) from about 5% to about 20% (w/w) of a pH adjusting agent; and

d) from 30% to about 45% (v/v) of a phenol formaldehyde resin basedadhesive.

In a second embodiment there is disclosed a process for the preparationof a composition for the pretreatment of a surface by a) mixing a firstliquid mixture comprising a plasticizer, a phenol formaldehyde resinbased adhesive and a curing agent; with a second liquid mixturecomprising and a degasser, a pH adjusting agent, a pigment and adefoamer.

According to a third embodiment there is disclosed a composition for thepretreatment of a surface prepared by the process of the presentinvention.

According to a fourth embodiment there is disclosed a method ofpretreating a surface comprising pretreating the surface with acomposition of the present invention.

According to the first embodiment, the composition of the presentinvention has been designed to support the powder coating industryworldwide, and more specifically, the powder wood coating industry. Thecomposition is preferably manufactured as a liquid or suspension, and isto be preferably applied as paint or most preferably in a spray form.This composition acts as an adhesive to allow a powder coating spray tobond with the composition of the present invention in a harmonious way.Several benefits can be derived from the use of the composition of thepresent invention. The composition is suitable for pretreatment ofsurfaces made from wood, aluminum, cement, titanium, ceramic and ceramictiles, steel, copper, and nickel. For example, it may enhance aluminumpowder coating spray by preventing chemical bonding overlay. It mayextend the life of aluminum product, as it is believed to reducechemical temperature fluctuation stress. It may minimize wear and tearchipping of the powder coating, as it is believed to decrease lightsensitivity. It may enhance wood powder coating application, as thecomposition of the present invention vibrates at a lower frequency anddries quicker. It reduces oxidation and reduces vibrations, imparting adampening effect on the coated material, and also reduces moisturebuildup.

According to an embodiment, the composition of the present invention maycomprise a number of key ingredients.

Plasticizer

Plasticizers increase the plasticity or fluidity of a material.Plasticizers make it possible to achieve improved compound processingcharacteristics, while also providing flexibility in the end-useproduct. According to an embodiment, the composition of the presentinvention may comprise from about from about 25% to about 40% (v/v) of aplasticizer.

According to an embodiment, the plasticizer is chosen from 2-ethylhexylbenzoate, butyl benzyl phthalate, an alkyl benzyl phthalate (preferablyan alkylC₇-C₉ benzyl phthalate), N-octyl-2-pyrrolidone,N-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-cocoalkyl-pyrrolidone and combinationsthereof. According to a preferred embodiment, the plasticizer is2-ethylhexyl benzoate, and the preferred amount for use in thecomposition of the present invention is about 30% (v/v). The purpose of2-ethylhexyl benzoate is to neutralize certain gas emission reactionsthat may take place during reaction between the compounds present in thecomposition of the present invention. This chemical helps to decreaseoxygen levels and reduce the formation of bubbles that may formfollowing the spray application.

2-ethylhexyl benzoate is sensitive to sunlight. It should not be sprayedin a well-lit area. This chemical should always be stored in a dark areawith minimal exposure to sunlight. The composition of the presentinvention should be stored in the dark. When 2-ethylhexyl benzoate isexposed to too much sunlight, it increases its positive charge, reducingits ability to decrease oxygen in the overall formula, potentiallycausing undesired bubbles or chemical ripples. In the composition of thepresent invention, it is a versatile, non-phthalate plasticizer used toimprove flexibility or to facilitate compounding and it is used as acoalescing agent to obtain/promote good film formation.

One of many purposes of 2-ethylhexyl benzoate is to act as a facilitatorto allow other chemicals to bond with each other; to neutralize certaingas reactions that take place on an atomic level, as atoms cometogether, help to decrease oxygen levels, thus reducing bubbles that mayform following spray application.

Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that when 2ethylhexyl benzoate and monoethanolamine (see below) mix or blend, ittriggers in the 2 ethylhexyl benzoate a reaction in the oxygen atom. Thenitrogen collides with the oxygen creating a reaction. When the nitrogenatom and the oxygen atom collide, it creates a chemical force whichcauses the other atoms to come and bond together.

Degasser

According to another embodiment, the composition of the presentinvention comprises a degasser. As used herein, the term degasser isintended to mean a compound used to remove gasses from a fluid in whichcould otherwise form bubbles. According to an embodiment, thecomposition of the present invention may comprise from about 0.5% toabout 2% (v/v), or from about 0.5% to about 1.5% (v/v), or from about0.5% to about 1.0% (v/v), or from about 1% to about 2.0% (v/v), or fromabout 1% to about 1.5% (v/v), or from about 1.5% to about 2.0% (v/v), ofa degasser.

According to an embodiment, suitable degassers include but are notlimited to monoethanolamine, morpholine, and combinations thereof.Preferably, the degasser is monoethanolamine, and the preferred amountfor use in the composition of the present invention is about 1% (v/v).Monoethanolamine as used in the composition of the present invention isa multipurpose chemical. The first purpose is to help reduce hydrogengas levels within the liquid composition. High levels of hydrogen willcompromise the bonding of other chemicals within the liquid composition.The second purpose is to neutralize the impact of water molecules withinthe liquid composition. Water within the liquid composition can increaselevels of oxygen, increasing the risk of bubbles formation. Anotherpurpose of monoethanolamine is to reduce levels of oxygen in certainmolecules, which helps to facilitate the bonding of other chemicals.According to an embodiment, molecules having high oxygen content do notbond well with other molecules. Monoethanolamine is a highly toxicchemical, to be handled with extreme caution. Eye, skin and breathingprotection is advisable when preparing to mix the composition, with goodventilation.

pH Adjusting Agent

The role of the pH adjusting agent is to adjust the acidity oralkalinity of the composition of the present invention. According to anembodiment, the composition of the present invention may comprise fromabout 5% to about 20% (w/w), or from about 5% to about 15% (w/w), orfrom about 5% to about 10% (w/w), or from about 5% to about 7.5% (w/w),or from about 7.5% to about 20% (w/w), or from about 7.5% to about 15%(w/w), or from about 7.5% to about 10% (w/w), or from about 10% to about20% (w/w), or from about 10% to about 15% (w/w) of a pH adjusting agent.

According to an embodiment, the pH adjusting agent is chosen fromcalcium carbonate (CaCO₃), ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate,ammonium citrate, magnesium carbonate, sodium carbonate, andcombinations thereof. According to a preferred embodiment, the pHadjusting agent is calcium carbonate, and the preferred range over whichit may be used is from about 9% to about 16% (w/v) calcium carbonate.

Calcium carbonate is not a single purpose chemical. It is used in thecomposition of the present invention to reduce alkalininity. Connectedto this composition, higher levels of alkalininity for the purpose ofpowder coating would increase the risk of chemical peeling, cracking andrust. Therefore, the calcium carbonate helps to neutralize or reducepotential harmful levels of alkalininity. The alkalininity levels withinthe composition can be increased, depending on the overall interactionbetween the composition spray and the surface of the product beingsprayed.

Calcium carbonate can also be used as an extender for titanium dioxide.The combination of calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide helps toimprove the integrity and longevity of the powder coating application,protecting against wear and tear and exposure to environmentalconditions.

Pigments

According to another embodiment, composition of the present inventionmay further comprise a pigment. The pigments are a material that changesthe color of reflected or transmitted light as the result ofwavelength-selective absorption. According to an embodiment, thecomposition of the present invention may comprise from about 1% to about5% (w/w), or from about 1% to about 4% (w/w), or from about 1% to about3% (w/w), or from about 1% to about 2% (w/w), or from about 2% to about5% (w/w), or from about 2% to about 4% (w/w), or from about 2% to about3% (w/w), or from about 3% to about 5% (w/w), or from about 3% to about4% (w/w), or from about 4% to about 5% (w/w) of a pigment;

According to another embodiment, the pigment is chosen from titaniumdioxide, carbon black, carbon ivory bone pigment, Indian black ink,Arabic gum, titanium dioxide, platinum powder, titanium powder, goldpowder, ferric oxide powder, lead powder, carbon powder, cobalt powder,molybdenum powder, silver flake, silver powder, tungsten powder,tungsten granule, chromium carbide (Cr₃C₂) powder, tantalum carbidepowder, tantalum carbide-nyobium carbide (TaC—NbC) solid solutionPowder, nano silver powder, conductive silver powder, nano ferric oxide,nano zinc oxide, magnesium powder, copper powder, bronze powder, andaluminum powder, and combinations thereof. Preferably, the pigment istitanium dioxide, and the preferred range over which is may be used inthe composition of the present invention is from about 2% to about 3%(w/v). According to an embodiment, it is also used to make solutionsopaque.

According to another embodiment, another purpose of titanium dioxide isto be a facilitator to bond other chemicals such as epichlorohydrin,phenol formaldehyde, oxirane and 2,4,6 tris(dimethylaminomethyl) phenolwhich are included in the compositions of the present invention.

Titanium dioxide is not a single purpose chemical. It is highlysensitive to sunlight and it should be stored in dark, cool areas,meaning because titanium dioxide is part of the composition, after thecomposition has been manufactured, it should be stored in a dark, coolstorage facility.

Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that titaniumdioxide does require calcium carbonate as a supporter chemical to mixwell with other chemicals. The definition of mixing well means that theoverall chemical composition has an equal charge of both positive andnegative.

Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Based Adhesive

According to another embodiment, the composition of the presentinvention may comprise from about 30% to about 45% (v/v), or from about30% to about 40% (v/v), or from about 30% to about 35% (v/v), or fromabout 35% to about 45% (v/v), or from about 35% to about 40% (v/v), orfrom about 40% to about 45% (v/v) of a phenol formaldehyde resin basedadhesive. According to an embodiment, the phenol formaldehyde resinbased adhesive may comprise from about 5% to about 10% (v/v), or fromabout 5% to about 9% (v/v), or from about 5% to about 8% (v/v), or fromabout 5% to about 7% (v/v), or from about 5% to about 6% (v/v), or fromabout 6% to about 10% (v/v), or from about 6% to about 9% (v/v), or fromabout 6% to about 8% (v/v), or from about 6% to about 7% (v/v), or fromabout 7% to about 10% (v/v), or from about 7% to about 9% (v/v), or fromabout 7% to about 8% (v/v), or from about 8% to about 10% (v/v), or fromabout 8% to about 9% (v/v), or from about 9% to about 10% (v/v) of aphenol formaldehyde resin. For example, the phenol formaldehyde resin ispreferably a novolac resin (phenol-formaldehyde resins made where themolar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol is less than one). Furthermore,the formaldehyde resin based adhesive may comprise from about 25% toabout 35% (v/v), or from about 25% to about 30% (v/v), or from about 30%to about 35% (v/v) of an epoxy. Preferably, the epoxy isepichlorohydrin.

According to another embodiment, the phenol formaldehyde resin basedadhesive may be DEN™ 425, a Dow Chemical liquid reaction formula productof epichlorohydrin (ECH) and phenol formaldehyde. The combination of theECH and phenol formaldehyde acts as an adhesive that enhances thecapabilities of the powder coating application to bond more firmly tothe surface. The DEN™ 425 in connection to this specific composition ofthe present invention does not help the other chemical ingredients.Rather, it is the other ingredients that help and support DEN™ 425.

The ECH chemical serves to protect the chemical bonding between allchemical ingredients. The lack of ECH in the composition of the presentinvention would weaken the integrity of the overall compositionsignificantly. The ECH chemical allows a quicker dry period and asmoother application immediately following spraying the surface of theproduct. ECH is sunlight sensitive and too much sunlight changes themolecular structure, which can easily compromise the integrity of thecomposition of the present invention.

Phenol formaldehyde is an important ingredient in the composition of thepresent invention. Phenol formaldehyde acts as an important conductorfor powder coating applications. It acts as a chemical protectivecoating and adds to the integrity and longevity of thepowder-coating-sprayed surface.

DEN™ 425 produces a tightly cross-linked cure system, that performs wellat high temperatures, and has resistance against various chemicals andthat it fully cures at ambient temperatures with the correspondingcuring agent without the need for additional heat cure. ECH allows aquicker dry period and smoother application immediately followingspraying the surface of a product. Prior to the blending, the mixing ofepichlorohydrin stage, too much sunlight changes the molecularstructure, compromising the integrity of the composition. It is highlysensitive to the visible spectrum.

Curing Agent

According to another embodiment, the composition of the presentinvention may comprise from about 10% to about 20% (w/w), or from about10% to about 17.5% (w/w), or from about 10% to about 15% (w/w), or fromabout 10% to about 12.5% (w/w), or from about 12.5% to about 20% (w/w),or from about 12.5% to about 17.5% (w/w), or from about 12.5% to about15% (w/w), or from about 15% to about 20% (w/w), or from about 15% toabout 17.5% (w/w), or from about 17.5% to about 20% (w/w) and preferablyabout 16% (w/w) of a curing agent. According to an embodiment, thepreferred curing agent is 2,4,6 tris(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol. Thepurpose of this chemical is as a curing agent in adhesive applicationsand as an activator for other curing agents in coatings.

According to the present invention, 2,4,6 tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol has four main purposes. Its main purpose is to cause atoms inother molecules of the formulation of the present invention to react,helping to reduce excess oxygen in the formula mixture. The secondpurpose of the 2,4,6 tris(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol is to act as acuring agent and help creating a single solid coat. The third purpose of2,4,6 tris(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol is to trigger an electricalbalance that causes a uniform density. The fourth purpose of 2,4,6tris(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol is it provides a shield of protectionfrom external forces. So it is really there to protect the othermolecules in the formulation of the present invention from externalforces.

Defoamer

According to another embodiment, the composition of the presentinvention may further comprise from about 5% to about 15% (v/v), or fromabout 5% to about 10% (v/v), or from about 10% to about 15% (v/v) of adefoamer.

According to an embodiment, the defoamer is chosen from Surfynol® MD-20,oxirane (ethylene oxide), and combinations thereof. According to oneembodiment, the preferred defoamer is Surfynol® MD-20([[(2-Ethylhexyl)oxy]methyl]oxiran obtained from the reaction ofpolyethylene glycol ether and 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4-,7-diol(2:1)). According to another embodiment, the preferred defoamer isoxirane (ethylene oxide). Oxirane's use in the composition of thepresent invention is as a defoamer/de-aerating wetting agent. Oxiraneallows the molecules present in the composition of the present inventionto stay together during the mixing process and after the mixing process.

Extender

As used herein, the term “extender” is intended to mean solid componentsof coating, for example a paint, that are usually finely ground naturalmaterials, most commonly earth. They have no effect on the color of thecoating, but they do alter some properties. They have many variedfunctions, such as providing easier application of the coating,providing greater adhesive properties, providing roughness in the film(i.e. undercoats), give body to the coating, increasing bulk in thecoating, preventing heavy pigments from settling out, providing agreater water resistance, flattening bases, reducing the cost of paints,and increasing the hardness of the paint film.

According to an embodiment, the composition of the present invention mayfurther comprise from about 5% to about 10% (w/v), or from about 5% toabout 9% (w/v), or from about 5% to about 8% (w/v), or from about 5% toabout 7% (w/v), or from about 5% to about 6% (w/v), or from about 6% toabout 10% (w/v), or from about 6% to about 9% (w/v), or from about 6% toabout 8% (w/v), or from about 6% to about 7% (w/v), or from about 7% toabout 10% (w/v), or from about 7% to about 9% (w/v), or from about 7% toabout 8% (w/v), or from about 8% to about 10% (w/v), or from about 8% toabout 9% (w/v), or from about 9% to about 10% (w/v) of an extender.According to an embodiment, the extender may be chosen from magnesiumtalc, an acrylic polymer paint extender, ultrafine kaolin, ultrafineCaCO₃, fine CaCO₃, and combinations thereof. Preferably, the extender ismagnesium talc, and it may be used in the range of from about 8% toabout 9% (w/v) magnesium talc.

Rheology Modifier

According to another embodiment, the rheology modifier is intended tomean an ingredient or compound that modifies the flow of matter,primarily in the liquid state, but also as “soft solids” or solids underconditions in which they respond with plastic flow rather than deformingelastically in response to an applied force. It applies to substanceswhich have a complex molecular structure, such as muds, sludges,suspensions, polymers and other glass formers (e.g. silicates), as wellas many foods and additives, bodily fluids (e.g. blood) and otherbiological materials. The composition of the present invention maycomprise about 0.3% (w/v) to about 5% (w/v), or from about 0.5% (w/v) toabout 5% (w/v), or from about 1% (w/v) to about 5% (w/v), or from about2% (w/v) to about 5% (w/v), or from about 3% (w/v) to about 5% (w/v), orfrom about 4% (w/v) to about 5% (w/v), 0.3% (w/v) to about 4% (w/v), orfrom about 0.5% (w/v) to about 4% (w/v), or from about 1% (w/v) to about4% (w/v), or from about 2% (w/v) to about 4% (w/v), or from about 3%(w/v) to about 4% (w/v), 0.3% (w/v) to about 3% (w/v), or from about0.5% (w/v) to about 3% (w/v), or from about 1% (w/v) to about 3% (w/v),or from about 2% (w/v) to about 3% (w/v), 0.3% (w/v) to about 2% (w/v),or from about 0.5% (w/v) to about 2% (w/v), or from about 1% (w/v) toabout 2% (w/v), 0.3% (w/v) to about 1% (w/v), or from about 0.5% (w/v)to about 1% (w/v), 0.3% (w/v) to about 0.5% (w/v), of rheology modifier.

According to an embodiment, the rheology modifier may be an attapulgitecolloidal suspension. Examples of suitable attapulgite colloidalsuspension include but are not limited to attagel 40, attagel 50.Preferably, the attapulgite colloidal suspension is attagel 50.

Glycol

According to another embodiment, the composition of the presentinvention may further comprise glycol. The glycol may be chosen frompropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, an ethyleneoxide glycol. According to embodiments, the glycol is from about 2%(w/v) to about 5% (w/v), or from about 2% (w/v) to about 4% (w/v), orfrom about 2% (w/v) to about 3% (w/v), or from about 3% (w/v) to about5% (w/v), or from about 3% (w/v) to about 4% (w/v), or from about 4%(w/v) to about 5% (w/v) of said composition

Preferably, the composition of the present invention may comprise

a) 30% (v/v) 2-ethylhexyl benzoate;

b) 1% (v/v) monoethanolamine;

c) from about 9% to about 16% (w/w) calcium carbonate;

d) from about 2% to about 3% (w/w) titanium dioxide;

e) from about 27% to about 30% (v/v) epichlorohydrin;

f) from about 7% to about 8% (v/v) phenol formaldehyde resin;

g) from about 8% to about 12% (v/v) Surfynol® MD-20; and

h) from about 8% to about 9% (w/v) magnesium talc.

According to the second embodiment, there is disclosed a process for thepreparation of a composition for the pretreatment of a surface,comprising step a):

a) mixing a first liquid mixture comprising a plasticizer and a curingagent; with a second liquid mixture comprising a degasser, a phenolformaldehyde resin based adhesive, a pH adjusting agent, a pigment and adefoamer.

According to another embodiment, the process also includes preparing afirst liquid mixture of the plasticizer and said curing agent, prior tomixing with said second liquid mixture.

According to another embodiment, the process also includes preparing asecond liquid mixture comprising the degasser, the phenol formaldehyderesin based adhesive, the pH adjusting agent, the pigment and thedefoamer prior to mixing with said first liquid mixture.

According to another embodiment, the process further comprises step a′)prior to step a) incubating said first and second liquid mixture for atleast 24 h.

According to some embodiments, plasticizer may be 2-ethylhexyl benzoate.The degasser may be monoethanolamine. The pH adjusting agent may bechosen from calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), ammonium carbonate, ammoniumbicarbonate, ammonium citrate, magnesium carbonate, sodium carbonate,and combinations thereof. The pigment may be chosen from titaniumdioxide, carbon black, carbon ivory bone pigment, Indian black ink,Arabic gum, titanium dioxide, platinum powder, titanium powder, goldpowder, ferric oxide powder, lead powder, carbon powder, cobalt powder,molybdenum powder, silver flake, silver powder, tungsten powder,tungsten granule, chromium carbide (Cr₃C₂) powder, tantalum carbidepowder, tantalum carbide-nyobium carbide (TaC—NbC) solid solutionPowder, nano silver powder, conductive silver powder, nano ferric oxide,nano zinc oxide, magnesium powder, copper powder, bronze powder, andaluminum powder, and combinations thereof. The phenol formaldehyde resinbased adhesive may comprise from about 5% to about 10% (v/v) of a phenolformaldehyde resin. The phenol formaldehyde resin may be a novolacresin. The formaldehyde resin based adhesive may comprise from about 25%to about 35% of an epoxy. The epoxy may be epichlorohydrin.

According to the third embodiment, there is disclosed a composition forthe pretreatment of a surface prepared by the process of the presentinvention described above.

According to the fourth embodiment, there is disclosed a method ofpretreating a surface comprising:

a) pretreating said surface with a composition of the present invention.

The surface may be a wood surface, a metal surface, a rock surface, aplastic surface, or combinations thereof. Preferably, the surface is awood surface. Also, preferably, the method of the present invention isfor pretreating prior to treatment of the surface with a powder coating.

The present invention will be more readily understood by referring tothe following examples which are given to illustrate the inventionrather than to limit its scope.

Example 1 Pretreatment Composition #1 for Wood

TABLE 1 Pretreatment Composition #1 Volume Final Ingredient (100 ml)Concentration Concentration A 2-ethylhexyl 30 pure 30% v/v benzoate Bmonoethanolamine 1 pure 1% v/v C calcium carbonate 16 60-80% w/w9.6-12.8% w/w D Titanium dioxide 2 60-70% w/w 1.2-1.4% w/w Eepichlorohydrin 27 pure 27% v/v F phenol 7 pure 7% v/v formaldehyderesin G surfynol ® MD-20 8 pure 8% v/v H magnesium talc 8 10% w/v 8% w/vI Water Up to 100 — —

Example 2 Pretreatment Composition #2 for Wood

TABLE 2 Pretreatment Composition #2 Volume Final Ingredient (100 ml)Concentration Concentration A 2-ethylhexyl 30 pure 30% v/v benzoate Bmonoethanolamine  1 pure  1% v/v C calcium carbonate from about 60-80%w/w from about 9 5.4-7.2% w/w D Titanium dioxide from about 60-70% w/wfrom about 3 1.8-2.1% w/w E epichlorohydrin from about pure from about30 30% v/v F phenol from about pure from about formaldehyde resin 8 8%v/v G surfynol ® MD-20 from about pure from about 12 12% v/v H magnesiumtalc from about 10% w/v from about 7 7% w/v I Water Up to 100 — —

Example 3 Pretreatment Composition #3

TABLE 3 Pretreatment Composition #3 Volume Final Ingredient (100 ml)Concentration Concentration A 2-ethylhexyl 29 pure 30% v/v benzoate Bmonoethanolamine 1 pure 1% v/v C calcium carbonate 9 60-80% w/w 5.4-7.2%w/w D Titanium dioxide 2 60-70% w/w 1.2-1.4% w/w E epichlorohydrin 28pure 28% v/v F phenol 7 pure 7% v/v formaldehyde resin G Oxirane 8 pure8% v/v H 2,4,6 16 95% w/w 15.2% w/w Tris(dimethylamino- methyl) phenol IWater Up to 100 — —

The composition is suitable for pretreatment of surfaces made from wood,aluminum, cement, titanium, ceramic tiles, steel, copper, and nickel.

Example 4 Pretreatment Composition #4

Volume Final Ingredient (100 ml) Concentration Concentration A2-ethylhexyl 25 pure 30% v/v benzoate B monoethanolamine 1 pure 1% v/v Ccalcium carbonate 6 60-80% w/w 5.4-7.2% w/w D Titanium dioxide 1 60-70%w/w 1.2-1.4% w/w E epichlorohydrin 32 pure 28% v/v F phenol 7 pure 7%v/v formaldehyde resin G Oxirane 4 pure 8% v/v H 2,4,6 11 95% w/w 15.2%w/w Tris(dimethylamino- methyl) phenol I Attagel 50 20 11.25% w/v 2.25%w/v J Water Up to 100 — —

The composition is suitable for pretreatment of surfaces made from wood,aluminum, cement, titanium, ceramic tiles, steel, copper, and nickel.

Example 5 Preparation of the Composition of the Present Invention

The mixing room has to be well ventilated. Eye goggles, gloves,protective overalls, and rubber boots to be worn at the stage ofhandling the monoethanolamine. For added precaution, a breathing maskshould be worn. The ingredients are mixed in two separate solutions,solutions of group A and group B respectively.

Solution of Group A

The 2-ethylhexyl benzoate and 2,4,6 tris(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol arepoured into a mixing drum, and slowly stirred until the solution ishomogeneous (at least 10 minutes). After the ingredients have mixed welland the solution is homogeneous, the solution is left to rest for 24hours at room temperature.

Solution of Group B

The calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, monoethanolamine, DEN™ 425 andoxirane are mixed in a separate container, and slowly stirred until thesolution is homogeneous (at least 10 minutes). The solution of group Bis left to sit for 24 hours at room temperature.

After the 24 hours rest period, the solutions of group A and group B aremixed together to produce a solution of the present invention which maybe used as a composition for the pretreatment of a surface. For example,the composition may be used for pretreating a wood surface, to which apowdered coating will be added, in order to prevent premature erosion,premature chipping, premature breakdown of the powder coating surface.

Example 6 Charge Frequencies of the Compositions #2

Chemical Charge Frequency out of 100% 2-Ethylhexyl benzoate - C₁₅H₂₂O₃+20% Monoethanolamine - C₂H₇NO  0% Calcium carbonate - CaCO₃  0%Titanium dioxide - TiO₂  0% Epichlorohydrin - C₃H₅ClO  0% Phenolformaldehyde - C₇H₆O₂ +50% Oxirane - C₂H₄O +50% 2,4,6-Tris(dimethylaminomethyl) −20% phenol - C₁₅H₂₇N₃O Total +100% 

According to an embodiment, the meaning of the 100% Positive ChargeFrequency for the compositions of the present invention is intended tobe that all powder coatings applied to such compositions (such ascomposition #2) must have an overall 100% negative charge frequency forthe purpose of creating and securing a neutral charge environment wherethe positive charge comes together with a negative charge and theycancel each other out.

According to an embodiment, there are eight main benefits of thisneutral charge relationship is as follows.

1) It minimizes surface chipping.

2) It has higher tolerance for temperature fluctuations.

3) It has a higher tolerance against moisture and humidity.

4) It has the ability to last longer and to maintain its integrity, thanthe integrity of the surface. That is, the surface of an objectpre-treated with compositions of the present invention before powdercoating will last longer and better maintain its integrity, than if theobject were not pre-treated with a composition of the present inventionbefore the powder coating application.

5) It has a higher tolerance against microwaves.

6) It has a higher tolerance against certain fertilizers.

7) It can withstand harsh space (aerospace) conditions.

8) It can withstand lengthy exposure to sunlight.

According to an embodiment, in the composition of the present inventionit is important to group together the different ingredients to cometogether and share a common purpose. The composition of example 3(composition #3) has been created as an overall positive charge, comingtogether with a paint substance/spray substance having an overallnegative charge, creating a neutral state; a neutral state of stabilityand harmony, a neutral state of having no power over the other.

If there is an imbalance between the positive and negative charge, itforces the neutral state to have power over that state which has powerover another, which then causes the formula to lose its overallintegrity. Therefore, for the compositions of the present invention tobe highly effective, the powder coating application has to be able tocancel out a positive charge from the overall compositions to create aneutral state for it to work effectively. So a proper preparationprotocol, as well as the compatible powder coating application, isessential to maintain when combining the ingredients to create Formula144.

According to an embodiment, the composition #3 yields an overallpositive charge. The surface upon which it is applied must have nocharge. And the powder coating/paint that is applied to the surfaceafter the composition of the present invention has been applied musthave an overall negative charge equal to the positive charge of thecomposition of the present invention. Suitable example of powder coatinginclude without limitations Alesta™ PFB610S9 High Gloss Black™, Axalta™Nap-Gard 7-0010, Axalta™ Nap-Gard Gold Field Girth Weld, Axalta™Nap-Gard Nap-Rock Dual, Axalta™ Nap-Gard Sol-Gard, Axalta™ Nap-GardSingle Layer, Axalta™ Alesta™ Architectural AR 500, Axalta™ Alesta™ CL,Axalta™ Alesta™ E-Wrinkles, Axalta™ Alesta™ High Temperature, Axalta™Alesta™ LE, Axalta™ Alesta™ RAL HAA, Axalta™ Alesta™ Spotless, Axalta™Alesta™ Ultra Low Bake powder coatings. In order for composition #3 tohold its highest integrity, this relationship must always be respected.

Example 7 Treatment of Wood Surfaces Followed By Treatment With PowderCoating

The composition of the present inventions of example 5 above is appliedto various wood test surfaces, and left to cure until dry. Next, powdercoatings (Alesta™ PFB610S9 High Gloss Black™, Alesta™ High Temperature,and Axalta™ Alesta™ Ultra Low Bake) are applied by spraying onto thewood test surface according to the manufacturer's instructions, andcured under appropriate heat according to the manufacturer'sinstructions. The resulting wooden surfaces presented smooth and neatlyfinished surfaces, as expected.

While preferred embodiments have been described above and illustrated inthe accompanying drawings, it will be evident to those skilled in theart that modifications may be made without departing from thisdisclosure. Such modifications are considered as possible variantscomprised in the scope of the disclosure.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A process for the preparation of acomposition for the pretreatment of a surface, comprising: a) mixing afirst liquid mixture comprising a plasticizer and a curing agent; with asecond liquid mixture comprising a degasser consisting ofmonoethanolamine, a phenol formaldehyde resin based adhesive comprisingan epoxy consisting of epichlorohydrin, a pH adjusting agent, a pigmentand a defoamer, wherein said composition for the pretreatment of asurface comprises from about 25% to about 40% (v/v) of said plasticizer,from about 0.5% to about 2% (v/v) of said degasser consisting ofmonoethanolamine, from 30% to about 45% (v/v) of said phenolformaldehyde resin based adhesive comprising an epoxy consisting ofepichlorohydrin and from about 5% to about 20% (w/w) of said pHadjusting agent.
 2. The process of claim 1, further comprising step a′)prior to step a) incubating said first liquid mixture and said secondliquid mixture for at least 24 h.
 3. The process of claim 1, whereinsaid plasticizer is chosen from 2-ethylhexyl benzoate, butyl benzylphthalate, an alkyl benzyl phthalate, N-octyl-2-pyrrolidone,N-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-cocoalkyl-pyrrolidone and combinationsthereof, and combinations thereof.
 4. The process of claim 1, whereinsaid pH adjusting agent is chosen from calcium carbonate (CaCO₃),ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium citrate, magnesiumcarbonate, sodium carbonate, and combinations thereof.
 5. The process ofclaim 1, wherein said pigment is chosen from titanium dioxide, carbonblack, carbon ivory bone pigment, Indian black ink, Arabic gum, titaniumdioxide, platinum powder, titanium powder, gold powder, ferric oxidepowder, lead powder, carbon powder, cobalt powder, molybdenum powder,silver flake, silver powder, tungsten powder, tungsten granule, chromiumcarbide (Cr₃C₂) powder, tantalum carbide powder, tantalumcarbide-nyobium carbide (TaC—NbC) solid solution Powder, nano silverpowder, conductive silver powder, nano ferric oxide, nano zinc oxide,magnesium powder, copper powder, bronze powder, and aluminum powder, andcombinations thereof.
 6. The process of claim 1, wherein said phenolformaldehyde resin is a novolac resin.
 7. The process of claim 1,wherein said formaldehyde resin based adhesive comprises from about 25%to about 35% (v/v) of an epoxy consisting of epichlorohydrin.
 8. Theprocess of claim 1, wherein said composition comprises from about 5% toabout 15% (v/v) of said defoamer.
 9. The process of claim 1, furthercomprising adding a total of from about 5% to about 10% (w/v) of anextender to said first liquid mixture, said second liquid mixture, orboth.
 10. The process of claim 1, further comprising adding a total offrom about 0.3% (w/v) to about 1.0% (w/v) of a rheology modifier to saidfirst liquid mixture, said second liquid mixture, or both.
 11. Theprocess of claim 1, further comprising adding a total of from about 2%(w/v) to about 5% (w/v) of a glycol to said first liquid mixture, saidsecond liquid mixture, or both.
 12. The process of claim 1, wherein saidcomposition comprises from about 10% to about 20% (w/w) of said curingagent.
 13. A composition for the pretreatment of a surface prepared bythe process of claim
 1. 14. A method of pretreating a surfacecomprising: a) pretreating said surface with a composition of claim 1.15. The process of claim 1, wherein said composition comprises fromabout 1% to about 5% (w/w) of said pigment.
 16. The process of claim 1,wherein said composition comprises from about 5% to about 15% (v/v) ofsaid defoamer.